{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "kind": "condition",
  "id": "achalasia-referral",
  "name": "Achalasia (Referral)",
  "category": "chronic",
  "sources": "StatPearls: Achalasia (NCBI Bookshelf NBK519515)",
  "review_status": "reviewed",
  "verified_against": "StatPearls: Achalasia (NCBI Bookshelf NBK519515)",
  "verified_date": "2026-08",
  "treatments": [
    {
      "id": 15,
      "generic": "No drug therapy in primary care (Referral)",
      "line": 1,
      "is_adjunct": false,
      "form": null,
      "strength_mg": null,
      "adult_dose": "Refer to gastroenterology for high-resolution manometry, upper GI endoscopy, and definitive management (pneumatic dilation or surgical myotomy)",
      "adult_duration": "Surgical or specialist management",
      "dose_source": "StatPearls: Achalasia (NCBI Bookshelf NBK519515)",
      "rationale": "PPI therapy and empirical medications are ineffective; definitive mechanical intervention is required.",
      "cautions": [
        "Distinguish from GERD; PPI therapy will not resolve dysphagia in true achalasia.",
        "Suspect if patient has progressive dysphagia to both solids and liquids with regurgitation of undigested food."
      ],
      "peds_mgkg_low": null,
      "peds_mgkg_high": null,
      "peds_max_mg": null,
      "peds_basis": null,
      "peds_unit": null,
      "peds_note": "Refer to pediatric gastroenterology",
      "peds_min_weight_kg": null,
      "peds_max_weight_kg": null,
      "peds_age_min_months": null,
      "peds_age_max_months": null,
      "peds_age_bands": null,
      "peds_doses": null,
      "brands": [],
      "condition_id": "achalasia-referral"
    }
  ]
}