{ "schema_version": 1, "kind": "condition", "id": "heat-exhaustion", "name": "Heat Exhaustion", "category": "acute", "sources": "StatPearls: Heat Illness (NCBI Bookshelf NBK553117), Treatment / Management, which puts oral rehydration first and is not held in this corpus, with the fluid from 0.9% Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion Solution SmPC sections 2 and 4.2 (eMC product 13131): \"Sodium Chloride 9g per litre\" and \"The volume of isotonic saline solution needed to replenish fluid deficits varies with age, body weight, complementary treatment and severity of the clinical condition. The dose and rate of administration are subject to clinical and laboratory assessment in each case.\" Neither document states a set adult volume or a 20 mL/kg paediatric bolus. · CDC Climate and Health: Heat and Health 2022 · NHS Health A-Z: Heat exhaustion and heatstroke 2022 · StatPearls: Heat Illness (NCBI Bookshelf NBK553117), Treatment / Management; StatPearls: Cooling Techniques for Hyperthermia (NCBI Bookshelf NBK459311)", "review_status": "reviewed", "verified_against": "StatPearls: Heat Illness (NCBI Bookshelf NBK553117), Treatment / Management, which puts oral rehydration first and is not held in this corpus, with the fluid from 0.9% Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion Solution SmPC sections 2 and 4.2 (eMC product 13131): \"Sodium Chloride 9g per litre\" and \"The volume of isotonic saline solution needed to replenish fluid deficits varies with age, body weight, complementary treatment and severity of the clinical condition. The dose and rate of administration are subject to clinical and laboratory assessment in each case.\" Neither document states a set adult volume or a 20 mL/kg paediatric bolus. · StatPearls: Heat Illness (NCBI Bookshelf NBK553117), Treatment / Management; StatPearls: Cooling Techniques for Hyperthermia (NCBI Bookshelf NBK459311) · Heat Exhaustion - disease-level clinical article (heat-exhaustion-clinical.txt)", "verified_date": "2026-08", "treatments": [ { "id": 871, "generic": "Oral Rehydration and Cooling Measures", "line": 1, "is_adjunct": false, "form": null, "strength_mg": null, "adult_dose": "Move out of the heat at once - removal from the hot environment is the intervention, the rest is supportive. Remove tight or excess clothing. Spray or sponge LUKEWARM water over the skin and direct a fan at it: evaporation is what removes the heat, and cold water causes vasoconstriction and shivering that work against it. Sip cool water or oral rehydration solution, about 1-2 litres over 2-4 hours. Ice packs to neck, axillae and groin may be added but rank below evaporative cooling.", "adult_duration": "Immediate, monitor for 2-4 hours", "dose_source": "StatPearls: Heat Illness (NCBI Bookshelf NBK553117), Treatment / Management; StatPearls: Cooling Techniques for Hyperthermia (NCBI Bookshelf NBK459311)", "rationale": "Heat exhaustion is a non-pharmacological emergency managed by rapid active cooling and oral fluid/electrolyte replacement; antipyretics like aspirin or paracetamol are ineffective and potentially harmful", "cautions": [ "If body temperature exceeds 40°C (104°F), or if altered mental status, confusion, seizures, or unconsciousness occur, suspect HEATSTROKE and call emergency services immediately (123 in Egypt).", "Do NOT give paracetamol or aspirin; heat illness hyperthermia is not pyrogen-mediated, and NSAIDs/paracetamol exacerbate renal and hepatic dysfunction.", "Avoid rapid consumption of large volumes of plain water without electrolytes to prevent acute hyponatraemia.", "The cooling literature is not consistent about ice packs to the great vessels. NBK459311 calls them less effective than evaporative cooling in one sentence, and in another has them working better than anything else at bringing the core temperature down. Treat them as an adjunct to wetting and fanning, not a substitute for it.", "Heat exhaustion progresses to heatstroke if the patient is not taken out of the heat. Confusion, seizure or a core temperature over 40 C is heatstroke - that is an emergency transfer, not a clinic problem." ], "peds_mgkg_low": null, "peds_mgkg_high": null, "peds_max_mg": null, "peds_basis": null, "peds_unit": null, "peds_note": "Move the child out of the heat, loosen clothing, wet the skin with lukewarm water and fan it. Offer oral rehydration solution in frequent small sips. Escalate to parenteral rehydration if the child cannot keep oral fluids down.", "peds_min_weight_kg": null, "peds_max_weight_kg": null, "peds_age_min_months": null, "peds_age_max_months": null, "peds_age_bands": null, "peds_doses": null, "brands": [], "condition_id": "heat-exhaustion" }, { "id": 873, "generic": "Referral & safety-netting (no drug therapy)", "line": 1, "is_adjunct": false, "form": null, "strength_mg": null, "adult_dose": null, "adult_duration": null, "dose_source": "Heat Exhaustion - disease-level clinical article (heat-exhaustion-clinical.txt)", "rationale": "Carries the referral criteria and warning signs for this condition, which apply whichever treatment is chosen.", "cautions": [ "RED FLAG - Emergent transport or a higher level of care is indicated for airway, respiratory, or cardiovascular compromise, or progression to heatstroke." ], "peds_mgkg_low": null, "peds_mgkg_high": null, "peds_max_mg": null, "peds_basis": null, "peds_unit": null, "peds_note": null, "peds_min_weight_kg": null, "peds_max_weight_kg": null, "peds_age_min_months": null, "peds_age_max_months": null, "peds_age_bands": null, "peds_doses": null, "brands": [], "condition_id": "heat-exhaustion" }, { "id": 872, "generic": "Sodium chloride", "line": 2, "is_adjunct": false, "form": "injection", "strength_mg": null, "adult_dose": "1000 mL IV infusion of 0.9% Sodium Chloride over 1-2 hours if oral rehydration is unfeasible due to severe nausea, vomiting, or persistent hypotension", "adult_duration": "1-2 hours under clinical observation", "dose_source": "StatPearls: Heat Illness (NCBI Bookshelf NBK553117), Treatment / Management, which puts oral rehydration first and is not held in this corpus, with the fluid from 0.9% Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion Solution SmPC sections 2 and 4.2 (eMC product 13131): \"Sodium Chloride 9g per litre\" and \"The volume of isotonic saline solution needed to replenish fluid deficits varies with age, body weight, complementary treatment and severity of the clinical condition. The dose and rate of administration are subject to clinical and laboratory assessment in each case.\" Neither document states a set adult volume or a 20 mL/kg paediatric bolus.", "rationale": "Indicated for moderate-to-severe heat exhaustion when oral fluid intake is impossible or orthostatic hypotension persists", "cautions": [ "Monitor fluid balance and vital signs closely; avoid fluid overload in patients with cardiac failure or renal compromise.", "If patient fails to improve within 30-60 minutes of IV fluids and cooling, evaluate immediately for heatstroke or underlying internal pathology.", "The 1-2 litre adult and 20 mL/kg paediatric volumes are conventional resuscitation practice. The cited chapter supports parenteral rehydration when oral is not tolerated but prints no volume." ], "peds_mgkg_low": null, "peds_mgkg_high": null, "peds_max_mg": null, "peds_basis": null, "peds_unit": null, "peds_note": "20 mL/kg IV bolus of 0.9% sodium chloride over 30-60 minutes if the child cannot drink or shows significant fluid depletion or hypotension. The source supports parenteral rehydration when oral is not tolerated; the 20 mL/kg figure itself is standard paediatric resuscitation practice, not a number from this document.", "peds_min_weight_kg": null, "peds_max_weight_kg": null, "peds_age_min_months": null, "peds_age_max_months": null, "peds_age_bands": null, "peds_doses": null, "brands": [ { "trade_name": "SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% (OTSUKA) I.V. AMP. 5 ML", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "OTSUKA", "price_egp": 1.25, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": null, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% (OTSUKA) I.V. AMP. 25 ML", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "OTSUKA", "price_egp": 3.5, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": null, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% (ULTIMATE) I.V. INF. 500 ML", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "EL NASR > ULTIMATE PHARMA", "price_egp": 10.25, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": null, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% (EL NASR) I.V. INF. 500 ML (RUBBER CAP)", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "EL NASR", "price_egp": 11.25, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": null, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% (EL NASR) I.V. INF. 500 ML (POLYPROPYLENE BAG)", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "EL NASR", "price_egp": 14.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": null, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% (OTSUKA) I.V. INF. 1000 ML (RUBBER CAP)", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "OTSUKA", "price_egp": 18.5, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": null, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% (MUP) I.V. INF. 500 ML (RUBBER CAP)", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "MUP", "price_egp": 29.5, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": null, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "PHYSIOMER BABY MIST UNIDOSES 30 DOSES OF 5ML", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "LABORATOIRE DE LA MER > STAR INTERNATIONAL COMPANY", "price_egp": 320.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": null, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null } ], "condition_id": "heat-exhaustion" } ] }