# Herpes zoster (shingles)

- Category: infectious
- Review status: reviewed (every claim checked against a document named on this page)
- Sources: Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Antimicrobial 2023 (valacyclovir monograph) · MSF Essential Drugs 2024 - paracetamol (oral) · Ibuprofen 100 mg/5 ml SmPC section 4.2 (eMC product 4560) · Amitriptyline Hydrochloride 25 mg Film-Coated Tablets SmPC sections 4.1 and 4.2 (eMC product 13683) · Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Nervous system disorders 2025 (gabapentin monograph) · Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Antimicrobial 2023 (famciclovir monograph)
- Verified date: 2026-08

## Verified against

- Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Antimicrobial 2023 (valacyclovir monograph)
- MSF Essential Drugs 2024 - paracetamol (oral)
- Ibuprofen 100 mg/5 ml SmPC section 4.2 (eMC product 4560)
- Amitriptyline Hydrochloride 25 mg Film-Coated Tablets SmPC sections 4.1 and 4.2 (eMC product 13683)
- Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Nervous system disorders 2025 (gabapentin monograph)
- Herpes Zoster - disease-level clinical article (herpes-zoster-full.txt)

## Treatment metadata

- Acyclovir — 800 mg — oral.solid
- Valacyclovir — 500 mg — oral.solid
- Referral & safety-netting (no drug therapy)
- Famciclovir — 500 mg — oral.solid
- Paracetamol — 500 mg — oral.solid
- Ibuprofen — 400 mg — oral.solid
- Amitriptyline — 25 mg — oral.solid
- Gabapentin — 300 mg — oral.solid

## Complete treatment card

```text
HERPES ZOSTER (SHINGLES)
Sources: Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Antimicrobial 2023 (valacyclovir monograph) · MSF
         Essential Drugs 2024 - paracetamol (oral) · Ibuprofen 100 mg/5 ml SmPC section 4.2 (eMC
         product 4560) · Amitriptyline Hydrochloride 25 mg Film-Coated Tablets SmPC sections 4.1 and
         4.2 (eMC product 13683) · Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Nervous system disorders 2025
         (gabapentin monograph) · Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Antimicrobial 2023 (famciclovir
         monograph)
Review status: REVIEWED against Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Antimicrobial 2023 (valacyclovir
               monograph), MSF Essential Drugs 2024 - paracetamol (oral), Ibuprofen
               100 mg/5 ml SmPC section 4.2 (eMC product 4560), Amitriptyline
               Hydrochloride 25 mg Film-Coated Tablets SmPC sections 4.1 and 4.2
               (eMC product 13683), Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Nervous
               system disorders 2025 (gabapentin monograph), Herpes Zoster -
               disease-level clinical article (herpes-zoster-full.txt)  (2026-08)

IS IT THIS? - reference only, to read alongside your own examination
  SYMPTOMS - what the patient reports (7)
    - Zoster begins with a prodrome of fever, malaise, and severe burning pain before any rash
      appears  [burning pain · fever · malaise · rash]
    - Abnormal skin sensations or pain in the affected area can start at least 48 hours before any
      lesion is visible
    - Headache, general malaise, and light sensitivity can accompany the pre-rash phase  [headache ·
      malaise · photophobia · rash]
    - Pain during the blistering phase is often severe and does not respond well to standard pain
      medication
    - Pain persisting beyond 4 weeks marks chronic infection, with tingling and shock-like
      sensations that can last a year or more  [shock · tingling]
    - Spread from the facial nerve to the inner-ear nerve causes hearing loss and vertigo in Ramsay
      Hunt syndrome  [hearing loss · vertigo]
    - Radicular pain along a dermatome with no rash at all defines zoster sine herpete
  SIGNS - what you find (8)
    - Lesions stay confined to one side, within a single dermatome
    - The thoracic, cervical, trigeminal, and lumbosacral dermatomes are most often involved, in
      that order
    - Lesions start as closely grouped red bumps that quickly turn into blisters on a red, swollen
      base  [blisters]
    - Vesicles on the tip or side of the nose flag involvement of the nerve branch that also
      supplies the eye  [blisters · vesicles]
    - Eye involvement occurs in roughly 10 to 25 percent of cases, with keratitis, uveitis, or optic
      nerve palsy  [paralysis]
    - More than 20 skin lesions outside the original area define disseminated zoster, which can also
      affect other organs and turn lethal  [skin lesions]
    - Pain persisting 3 months after the rash defines post-herpetic neuralgia, most often when the
      eye-nerve branch is involved in older adults  [neuralgia · rash]
    - Risk factors for lasting nerve pain include older age, severe early or acute pain, a severe
      rash, and a weakened immune system  [neuralgia · rash]
  TESTS (6)
    - Diagnosis rests on the burning pain plus the characteristic look and spread of the rash
    - A red background on dermatoscopy is seen in essentially all cases of zoster
    - Dermatoscopy can diagnose zoster about 1.6 days earlier than clinical examination alone
    - A halo sign on dermatoscopy comes from the contrast between crusted vesicle centres and the
      surrounding redness
    - A Tzanck smear of vesicle fluid shows multinucleated giant cells but is less sensitive and
      specific than PCR or antibody testing
    - Newer real-time PCR is faster and less prone to contamination than the older nested PCR or
      viral culture
  IF NOT THIS - what else fits (12)
    - Pain before any rash can mimic gallbladder disease or biliary colic
    - Pre-rash pain can also be mistaken for renal colic, trigeminal neuralgia, or a dental
      infection
    - Prodromal pain is often mistaken for a toothache, leading to unnecessary dental treatment
    - Zoster in the mouth involves only one side, unlike other blistering oral conditions
    - Herpes zoster skin lesions must be differentiated from chickenpox
    - Herpes zoster skin lesions must be differentiated from herpes simplex
    - Herpes zoster skin lesions must be differentiated from cellulitis
    - Herpes zoster skin lesions must be differentiated from erysipelas
    - Herpes zoster skin lesions must be differentiated from folliculitis
    - Herpes zoster skin lesions must be differentiated from irritant contact dermatitis
    - Herpes zoster skin lesions must be differentiated from insect bites
    - Herpes zoster skin lesions must be differentiated from mucosal candidiasis
  Source  StatPearls "Herpes Zoster" - disease-level clinical article
  Status  traced to the source above

Rx: Antiviral  |  Main treatment  |  Antiviral - for acyclovir-resistant zoster  |  Pain - first
    step  |  Pain - add if not enough  |  Nerve pain

ANTIVIRAL - choose one
1. ACYCLOVIR                                              [1st line]
   Adult    800 mg orally 5 times daily (every 4 hours while awake) x 7 days
   Peds     20 mg/kg/dose  [child max 800 mg]
            (20 mg/kg 4 times daily (max 800 mg/dose) for children 1 mo–11
            yrs; 800 mg 5 times daily for adolescents ≥12 yrs)
            3kg -> 60 mg/dose                 4kg -> 80 mg/dose
            5kg -> 100 mg/dose                6kg -> 120 mg/dose
            7kg -> 140 mg/dose                8kg -> 160 mg/dose
            9kg -> 180 mg/dose                10kg -> 200 mg/dose
            11kg -> 220 mg/dose               12kg -> 240 mg/dose
            13kg -> 260 mg/dose               14kg -> 280 mg/dose
            15kg -> 300 mg/dose               16kg -> 320 mg/dose
            17kg -> 340 mg/dose               18kg -> 360 mg/dose
            19kg -> 380 mg/dose               20kg -> 400 mg/dose
            21kg -> 420 mg/dose               22kg -> 440 mg/dose
            23kg -> 460 mg/dose               24kg -> 480 mg/dose
            25kg -> 500 mg/dose               26kg -> 520 mg/dose
            27kg -> 540 mg/dose               28kg -> 560 mg/dose
            29kg -> 580 mg/dose               30kg -> 600 mg/dose
            31kg -> 620 mg/dose               32kg -> 640 mg/dose
            33kg -> 660 mg/dose               34kg -> 680 mg/dose
            35kg -> 700 mg/dose               36kg -> 720 mg/dose
            37kg -> 740 mg/dose               38kg -> 760 mg/dose
            39kg -> 780 mg/dose               40kg -> 800 mg/dose
            41kg -> 800 mg/dose (capped)      42kg -> 800 mg/dose (capped)
            43kg -> 800 mg/dose (capped)      44kg -> 800 mg/dose (capped)
            45kg -> 800 mg/dose (capped)      46kg -> 800 mg/dose (capped)
            47kg -> 800 mg/dose (capped)      48kg -> 800 mg/dose (capped)
            49kg -> 800 mg/dose (capped)      50kg -> 800 mg/dose (capped)
   Source   Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Antimicrobial 2023
   Why      Nucleoside analogue antiviral that inhibits viral DNA polymerase to limit replication of
            varicella-zoster virus; started early after the shingles rash appears, before extensive
            viral replication, to reduce the severity of the episode.
   Caution  Initiate within 72 hours of rash onset for optimal efficacy.
            Maintain high fluid intake to prevent renal crystallization.
            Dose adjustment is required in renal impairment.
   Egypt    VIRUSTAT 800MG 35 TAB.           PHAROPHARMA        266.00 EGP (7.60/unit)
            ACIVIRAX 800MG 20 TABS.          MASH PREMIERE      154.00 EGP (7.70/unit)
            LOVIR 800 MG 35 ORAL DISP. TABS. SUN PHARMA EG...   300.00 EGP
            BORGAVIRAX 200MG/5ML SUSP. 125 ML BORG                                         61.00 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid
            VIRUSTAT 200MG/5ML SUSP. 120 ML  PHAROPHARMA         61.00 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid

2. VALACYCLOVIR                                           [1st line]
   Adult    1000 mg three times daily x 7 days
   Peds     The formulary gives no paediatric herpes zoster dose for valacyclovir - its paediatric
            doses are for herpes labialis and genital herpes. Use the aciclovir row in a child.
   Choice   Alternatives. Three doses a day against aciclovir's five. Shingles is painful and its
            patients are old; a five-times-a-day schedule is the one that gets missed.
   Source   Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Antimicrobial 2023 (valacyclovir monograph)
   Why      Three doses a day against aciclovir's five. Shingles is painful, patients are elderly,
            and a five-times-a-day schedule is the one they miss. The formulary carries the drug and
            the herpes zoster dose, and it is on the Egyptian Essential Medicine List.
   Caution  An alternative to the aciclovir above, not an addition. Give one antiviral.
            Start within 72 hours of the rash appearing - the formulary states efficacy is not
            established beyond that, and preferably within 48 hours.
            Reduce the dose in renal impairment: 1 g every 12 hours if creatinine clearance is
            30-49, every 24 hours if 10-29, and 500 mg every 24 hours below 10.
            Keep fluid intake up.
            Confusion and hallucination occur in the elderly and in renal impairment, and are
            usually a sign the dose is too high.
   Egypt    VIROCLEAR 500 MG 10 TAB.         ALFACURE PHAR...    50.00 EGP (5.00/unit)
            VALTREX 500 MG 42 TAB.           GLAXO SMITHKLINE   789.00 EGP (18.79/unit)
            HERPACUT 500 MG 10 SCORED F.C. TABS. INTERNATIONAL DRUG AGENCY (IDI)           50.00 EGP
            VALYSERNEX 500MG 20 F.C. CAPLET  EVA PHARMA         154.00 EGP


MAIN TREATMENT
3. REFERRAL & SAFETY-NETTING (NO DRUG THERAPY)            [1st line]
   Adult    
   Source   Herpes Zoster - disease-level clinical article (herpes-zoster-full.txt)
   Why      Carries the referral criteria and warning signs for this condition, which apply
            whichever treatment is chosen.
   Caution  RED FLAG - Prompt ophthalmology referral is needed when eye involvement is present.


ANTIVIRAL - FOR ACYCLOVIR-RESISTANT ZOSTER
4. FAMCICLOVIR                                            [1st line]
   Adult    500 mg every 8 hours x 7 days
   Peds     The formulary gives no paediatric dose for herpes zoster in immunocompetent children;
            its paediatric famciclovir doses are for genital herpes and for HIV-positive
            adolescents.
   Source   Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Antimicrobial 2023 (famciclovir monograph) -
            verbatim: "Herpes zoster (shingles): Oral: Note: Initiate therapy as soon as possible
            after diagnosis and within 1 week of rash onset or any time before full crusting of
            lesions. Immunocompetent patients: 500 mg every 8 hours for 7 days."
   Why      The card carries acyclovir and valacyclovir and stops there. Famciclovir is the third
            oral antiviral licensed for shingles, the formulary gives it a zoster heading of its
            own, and the article names it for the patient whose virus is acyclovir-resistant.
   Caution  Start it within the first week of the rash, or at least before the lesions have fully
            crusted - after that an antiviral has little left to offer.
            Reduce the dose in renal impairment; the formulary steps it down as creatinine clearance
            falls, and again for dialysis patients.
            This dose is for the immunocompetent patient - shingles in someone immunosuppressed
            needs a different plan and usually a specialist.
            It does not prevent post-herpetic neuralgia on its own; the pain rows on the card still
            apply.
   Egypt    EACLOVIR 500MG 7 F.C. TABS.      MEDIZEN PHARM...    85.00 EGP (12.14/unit)
            PROPENCIVIR 500MG 7 F.C. TAB.    BIORIGINAL IN...   175.50 EGP (25.07/unit)


PAIN - FIRST STEP - give alongside
5. PARACETAMOL                                            [add-on - not a substitute]
   Adult    1000 mg three or four times daily, maximum 4000 mg in 24 hours - while the rash is
            painful, usually 2-4 weeks
   Peds     15 mg/kg/dose  [child max 500 mg]
            (15 mg/kg 3 or 4 times daily, maximum 60 mg/kg daily. Under 1
            month: 10 mg/kg 3 or 4 times daily, maximum 40 mg/kg/day (MSF
            Essential Drugs 2024).)
            3kg -> 45 mg/dose                 4kg -> 60 mg/dose
            5kg -> 75 mg/dose                 6kg -> 90 mg/dose
            7kg -> 105 mg/dose                8kg -> 120 mg/dose
            9kg -> 135 mg/dose                10kg -> 150 mg/dose
            11kg -> 165 mg/dose               12kg -> 180 mg/dose
            13kg -> 195 mg/dose               14kg -> 210 mg/dose
            15kg -> 225 mg/dose               16kg -> 240 mg/dose
            17kg -> 255 mg/dose               18kg -> 270 mg/dose
            19kg -> 285 mg/dose               20kg -> 300 mg/dose
            21kg -> 315 mg/dose               22kg -> 330 mg/dose
            23kg -> 345 mg/dose               24kg -> 360 mg/dose
            25kg -> 375 mg/dose               26kg -> 390 mg/dose
            27kg -> 405 mg/dose               28kg -> 420 mg/dose
            29kg -> 435 mg/dose               30kg -> 450 mg/dose
            31kg -> 465 mg/dose               32kg -> 480 mg/dose
            33kg -> 495 mg/dose               34kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)
            35kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)      36kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)
            37kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)      38kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)
            39kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)      40kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)
            41kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)      42kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)
            43kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)      44kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)
            45kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)      46kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)
            47kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)      48kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)
            49kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)      50kg -> 500 mg/dose (capped)
   Source   MSF Essential Drugs 2024 - paracetamol (oral)
   Why      The pain is what the patient came with. The antiviral shortens the rash; it does very
            little for today's pain. Uncontrolled acute zoster pain is also the strongest predictor
            of post-herpetic neuralgia, so treating it is not just comfort.
   Caution  Regular, not as-needed. Zoster pain is constant for the first week or two and PRN dosing
            under-treats it.
            Check every other product for paracetamol - cold and flu sachets are the usual route to
            an accidental overdose.
            Reduce the maximum to 3000 mg/day if the patient is under 50 kg, malnourished, or has
            liver disease.
            If paracetamol and an NSAID together are not holding the pain, that is the point to add
            a nerve-pain drug, not to keep escalating the analgesic.
            500 mg is the per-dose ceiling used here for a child. 1000 mg is the adult dose and does
            not belong in a weight calculation - the daily 60 mg/kg limit is the one that binds
            first in any case.
   Egypt    FEBRIMOL 500 MG 20 TAB.          PHARCO               3.50 EGP (0.17/unit)
            CETAMOL 500 MG 20 TABS.          MEMPHIS              8.00 EGP (0.40/unit)
            PARACETAMOL-MUP 500MG B.P. 20 TABS. MUP                            13.00 EGP (0.65/unit)
            CETAL 500 MG 20 TABS.            EIPICO              24.00 EGP (1.20/unit)
            ARKADOLOW 500 MG 30 F.C. TABS.   UTOPIA              42.00 EGP (1.40/unit)
            PARAMOL 500MG 20 TAB.            MISR                38.00 EGP (1.90/unit)
            ADOL 500MG 24 CAPLETS            JULPHAR             32.00 EGP
            AUGICETAMIDE 500 MG 20 SACHETS   AUG PHARMA          50.00 EGP
            FEBRIMOL ORAL DROPS 20 ML        PHARCO               4.00 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid
            THERA-LO 3.2G/100ML ORAL SUSP. 100 ML PHAROPHARMA                               5.00 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid


PAIN - ADD IF NOT ENOUGH - give alongside
6. IBUPROFEN                                              [add-on - not a substitute]
   Adult    400 mg up to three times daily with or after food, maximum 1200 mg in 24 hours - while
            the rash is painful, usually 2-4 weeks
   Peds     20 mg/kg/day  [child max 1200 mg]
            (20 mg/kg/day in divided doses, with food. Not under 3 months.
            Shingles in a child is uncommon and warrants a look for
            immunosuppression.)
            3kg -> 60 mg/day    4kg -> 80 mg/day    5kg -> 100 mg/day   6kg -> 120 mg/day
            7kg -> 140 mg/day   8kg -> 160 mg/day   9kg -> 180 mg/day   10kg -> 200 mg/day
            11kg -> 220 mg/day  12kg -> 240 mg/day  13kg -> 260 mg/day  14kg -> 280 mg/day
            15kg -> 300 mg/day  16kg -> 320 mg/day  17kg -> 340 mg/day  18kg -> 360 mg/day
            19kg -> 380 mg/day  20kg -> 400 mg/day  21kg -> 420 mg/day  22kg -> 440 mg/day
            23kg -> 460 mg/day  24kg -> 480 mg/day  25kg -> 500 mg/day  26kg -> 520 mg/day
            27kg -> 540 mg/day  28kg -> 560 mg/day  29kg -> 580 mg/day  30kg -> 600 mg/day
            31kg -> 620 mg/day  32kg -> 640 mg/day  33kg -> 660 mg/day  34kg -> 680 mg/day
            35kg -> 700 mg/day  36kg -> 720 mg/day  37kg -> 740 mg/day  38kg -> 760 mg/day
            39kg -> 780 mg/day  40kg -> 800 mg/day  41kg -> 820 mg/day  42kg -> 840 mg/day
            43kg -> 860 mg/day  44kg -> 880 mg/day  45kg -> 900 mg/day  46kg -> 920 mg/day
            47kg -> 940 mg/day  48kg -> 960 mg/day  49kg -> 980 mg/day  50kg -> 1000 mg/day
   Source   Ibuprofen 100 mg/5 ml SmPC section 4.2 (eMC product 4560)
   Why      Can be given with the paracetamol when that alone is not enough. AAFP names NSAIDs
            alongside acetaminophen for the acute pain.
   Caution  SHINGLES IS NOT CHICKENPOX. The rule against NSAIDs in varicella is about primary
            chickenpox and the risk of necrotising soft tissue infection; AAFP names NSAIDs for
            zoster in adults. If the diagnosis is actually primary varicella, do not give this.
            Avoid in asthma, active peptic ulcer, significant renal impairment, heart failure, and
            the third trimester.
            Most zoster patients are elderly - check the eGFR and check whether they are already on
            an ACE inhibitor or a diuretic before adding an NSAID.
            With food, short course, and not on top of another NSAID.
   Egypt    DAJUANOFEN 400 MG 20 F.C. TABS.  COPAD PHARMA         5.00 EGP (0.25/unit)
            FLABU 400MG 10 F.C.TAB.          DELTA PHARMA         3.75 EGP (0.38/unit)
            NOVA-PROFEN 400MG 30 F.C. TABLETS SANOFI                           12.75 EGP (0.42/unit)
            IBUPROFEN 400 MG 10 TAB.         SEDICO               6.00 EGP (0.60/unit)
            MAFO 400 MG  30 F.C.TABS         EIPICO              42.00 EGP (1.40/unit)
            BRUFEN 400 MG 30 TABS.           KAHIRA > ABBO...    78.00 EGP (2.60/unit)
            PROFUSOL 400MG 20 S.G CAPS.      EUROPEAN EGYP...    31.00 EGP
            ANALGIPROF 400 MG 25 SACHETS     EVA PHARMA          37.50 EGP
            NOVA-PROFEN  100MG/5ML ORAL SUSP. 100ML SANOFI                                  2.25 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid
            BRUFEMOL-N SUSP. 60 ML           ARAB DRUG COM...     4.50 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid


NERVE PAIN - give alongside
7. AMITRIPTYLINE                                          [add-on - not a substitute]
   Adult    10-25 mg in the evening to start, increased by 10-25 mg every 3-7 days as tolerated;
            usual range 25-75 mg at night - reviewed at 4-6 weeks; continue while it is helping,
            then taper
   Peds     The label states amitriptyline should not be used in children and adolescents under 18
            years, as safety and efficacy have not been established.
   Choice   Alternatives. NICE CG173 offers a free choice of four drugs for neuropathic pain;
            amitriptyline is the cheapest to start and the most familiar in primary care.
   Source   Amitriptyline Hydrochloride 25 mg Film-Coated Tablets SmPC sections 4.1 and 4.2 (eMC
            product 13683)
   Why      Post-herpetic neuralgia is neuropathic pain and NICE CG173 offers a choice of four drugs
            for it. Amitriptyline is the cheapest of the four in Egypt and is licensed for the
            indication. This is the drug the patient needs when the rash has healed and the pain has
            not.
   Caution  Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, postural dizziness and falls are all dose-
            related.
            Alternative to the gabapentin below, not an addition. NICE offers a choice of one.
            Take it in the evening; the sedation is useful when the pain is worst at night.
            Avoid after a recent myocardial infarction, in arrhythmia, and in untreated closed-angle
            glaucoma.
            It takes 2-4 weeks at an adequate dose to work. Stopping at day 5 because 'it did
            nothing' is the commonest way this fails.
            Do not stop abruptly after a long course - taper.
            Avoid in elderly patients, and in severe cardiovascular disease or arrhythmias.
            Amitriptyline - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf (NBK537225) puts amitriptyline on the
            American Geriatrics Society's Beers list, to be avoided in the elderly because its
            anticholinergic effect is so strong.
   Egypt    TRYPTIZOL 25 MG 30 TABS.         KAHIRA              33.00 EGP (1.10/unit)
            GRANITYLLIN 25MG/5ML SYP. 120 ML GRAND PHARMA ...     5.00 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid
            ZINOTRAVAL 25MG/5ML SYP. 120 ML  DEBEIKY > PHA...    10.00 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid

8. GABAPENTIN                                             [add-on - not a substitute]
   Adult    300 mg on day 1, 300 mg twice daily on day 2, 300 mg three times daily on day 3, then
            increased in 300 mg/day steps every 2-3 days to a usual 1800 mg/day in three divided
            doses - titrated over 1-3 weeks; reviewed at 4-6 weeks and continued while it is helping
   Peds     The paediatric mg/kg dose in the formulary is for partial-onset seizures from 3 years,
            not for neuropathic pain. The neuropathic pain indication is adults only, and the dose
            is a step-up schedule rather than a single mg/kg rule.
   Source   Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Nervous system disorders 2025 (gabapentin monograph)
   Why      The formulary names post-herpetic neuralgia in the indication line, with its own
            titration schedule. NICE CG173 offers it as one of four initial choices for neuropathic
            pain.
   Caution  Alternative to the amitriptyline above, not an addition. NICE offers a choice of one.
            It must be titrated. A patient started straight on 300 mg three times daily will be too
            drowsy to continue.
            Reduce the dose in renal impairment - gabapentin is cleared by the kidney and
            accumulates.
            Drowsiness, dizziness and unsteadiness are common early and matter in an elderly patient
            who may fall.
            Divide into three doses with no more than 12 hours between them.
            Do not stop abruptly - taper over at least a week.
   Egypt    EZAPENTIN 300MG 10 CAPS.         MULTI-APEX          11.00 EGP (1.10/unit)
            PENTALIPSY 300MG 10 CAPS.        SAFE PHARMA         14.40 EGP (1.44/unit)
            OCTOCONVAL 300 MG 30 CAPS.       OCTOBER PHARMA      72.00 EGP (2.40/unit)
            NEUROGLOPENTIN 300 MG 30 CAPS.   GLOBAL NAPI P...   111.00 EGP (3.70/unit)
            SHALGATEN 300MG 30 CAPS.         EGPI > MASH P...   126.00 EGP (4.20/unit)
            GABALEPSY 300MG 30 CAPS.         EL-OBOUR           135.00 EGP (4.50/unit)
            GABAVERONA 300 MG 30 H.G. CAPS.  AVERROES PHARMA    126.00 EGP
            SAJALIPSY 300 MG 30 H.G. CAPS.   SAJA PHARMACE...   126.00 EGP
            STABLENTIN 6MG/120ML SYRUP       MEPACO              21.60 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid
            ADAPTAN 250MG/5ML ORAL SOLUTION 100 ML EUROPEAN EGYPTIAN PHARM. IND.           37.00 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid

Prices are indicative (dataset snapshot 2026-06); verify with the pharmacy.
```

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