# Iron deficiency anemia

- Category: chronic
- Review status: reviewed (every claim checked against a document named on this page)
- Sources: Huda T, Dibley M, El Arifeen S, et al. Assessing the Efficacy of Bovine Lactoferrin to Correct Iron Deficiency Anemia in Non-pregnant Non-lactating Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Current Developments in Nutrition 2019;3(Suppl 1):nzz044.FS08-02-19 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6574033/): "Arm A, B and C received daily oral 200 mg bLf, 400 mg bLf and 60 mg ferrous sulfate. ... Treatment was for 12 weeks." The trial's own result was that neither lactoferrin arm raised haemoglobin - "Women on 200 mg bLf had a decrease in Hb of 0.3 g/dl" and "women on 400 mg bLf arm had no change in Hb: 0.0 g/dl" - while "women on ferrous sulfate arm had an increase in Hb: 1.1 g/dl". · WHO Iron Supplementation 2021 · Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Blood Disorder Medications 2025 (iron sucrose monograph) · Rahman et al, randomised controlled trial of bovine lactoferrin versus ferrous sulfate, Current Developments in Nutrition 2019 (PMC6574033)
- Verified date: 2026-08

## Verified against

- Huda T, Dibley M, El Arifeen S, et al. Assessing the Efficacy of Bovine Lactoferrin to Correct Iron Deficiency Anemia in Non-pregnant Non-lactating Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Current Developments in Nutrition 2019;3(Suppl 1):nzz044.FS08-02-19 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6574033/): "Arm A, B and C received daily oral 200 mg bLf, 400 mg bLf and 60 mg ferrous sulfate. ... Treatment was for 12 weeks." The trial's own result was that neither lactoferrin arm raised haemoglobin - "Women on 200 mg bLf had a decrease in Hb of 0.3 g/dl" and "women on 400 mg bLf arm had no change in Hb: 0.0 g/dl" - while "women on ferrous sulfate arm had an increase in Hb: 1.1 g/dl".
- Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Blood Disorder Medications 2025 (iron sucrose monograph)
- Rahman et al, randomised controlled trial of bovine lactoferrin versus ferrous sulfate, Current Developments in Nutrition 2019 (PMC6574033)
- Iron Deficiency and Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia - disease-level clinical article (iron-deficiency-anemia-clinical.txt)

## Treatment metadata

- Ferrous fumarate — 200 mg — oral.solid
- Referral & safety-netting (no drug therapy)
- Ferric hydroxide polymaltose — 100 mg — oral.solid
- Iron — injection
- Lactoferrin — 200 mg — oral.solid
- Ascorbic acid — oral.solid

## Complete treatment card

```text
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Sources: Huda T, Dibley M, El Arifeen S, et al. Assessing the Efficacy of Bovine Lactoferrin to
         Correct Iron Deficiency Anemia in Non-pregnant Non-lactating Women: A Randomized Controlled
         Trial. Current Developments in Nutrition 2019;3(Suppl 1):nzz044.FS08-02-19
         (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6574033/): "Arm A, B and C received daily oral
         200 mg bLf, 400 mg bLf and 60 mg ferrous sulfate. ... Treatment was for 12 weeks." The
         trial's own result was that neither lactoferrin arm raised haemoglobin - "Women on 200 mg
         bLf had a decrease in Hb of 0.3 g/dl" and "women on 400 mg bLf arm had no change in Hb: 0.0
         g/dl" - while "women on ferrous sulfate arm had an increase in Hb: 1.1 g/dl". · WHO Iron
         Supplementation 2021 · Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Blood Disorder Medications 2025
         (iron sucrose monograph) · Rahman et al, randomised controlled trial of bovine lactoferrin
         versus ferrous sulfate, Current Developments in Nutrition 2019 (PMC6574033)
Review status: REVIEWED against Huda T, Dibley M, El Arifeen S, et al. Assessing the Efficacy of
               Bovine Lactoferrin to Correct Iron Deficiency Anemia in Non-pregnant
               Non-lactating Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Current
               Developments in Nutrition 2019;3(Suppl 1):nzz044.FS08-02-19
               (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6574033/): "Arm A, B and C
               received daily oral 200 mg bLf, 400 mg bLf and 60 mg ferrous
               sulfate. ... Treatment was for 12 weeks." The trial's own result was
               that neither lactoferrin arm raised haemoglobin - "Women on 200 mg
               bLf had a decrease in Hb of 0.3 g/dl" and "women on 400 mg bLf arm
               had no change in Hb: 0.0 g/dl" - while "women on ferrous sulfate arm
               had an increase in Hb: 1.1 g/dl"., Egyptian National Drug Formulary
               - Blood Disorder Medications 2025 (iron sucrose monograph), Rahman
               et al, randomised controlled trial of bovine lactoferrin versus
               ferrous sulfate, Current Developments in Nutrition 2019
               (PMC6574033), Iron Deficiency and Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia -
               disease-level clinical article (iron-deficiency-anemia-clinical.txt)
               (2026-08)

IS IT THIS? - reference only, to read alongside your own examination
  SYMPTOMS - what the patient reports (6)
    - Vague complaints span low energy, tiredness, trouble concentrating, mood swings, irritability,
      headaches, and breathlessness on exertion  [breathlessness · fatigue · irritability · poor
      concentration]
    - Iron deficiency without anemia causes the same symptoms as with anemia, just milder
    - Pica - craving and eating non-food substances - occurs in about half of patients with true
      iron deficiency  [pica]
    - Craving ice (pagophagia) is a fairly specific clue to iron deficiency  [pica]
    - Restless legs syndrome links to low brain iron on MRI, and up to 40% of patients with restless
      legs have iron deficiency, with or without anemia
    - Urine can turn red after eating beets (beeturia), a nonspecific finding that is more common
      with iron deficiency
  SIGNS - what you find (3)
    - Exam may be normal, or show dry skin, hair loss, a smooth atrophic tongue, cracked mouth
      corners, pallor, brittle nails, and spoon-shaped nails  [atrophy · dry skin · hair loss · nail
      changes · pallor]
    - A systolic flow murmur may be heard on cardiac auscultation  [heart murmur]
    - Pallor and pale conjunctivae only show up late in the course of iron deficiency anemia
      [anaemia · pallor]
  TESTS (12)
    - Core panel checks serum iron, transferrin, ferritin, iron-binding capacity, and how saturated
      the transferrin is
    - Iron studies should be drawn at least 9 hours after eating iron-containing food
    - True iron deficiency is diagnosed when ferritin is under 30 ng/mL or transferrin saturation is
      under 20%
    - A ferritin under 30 ng/mL predicts absent marrow iron stores with about 92% sensitivity and
      98% specificity
    - Normal hemoglobin does not rule out iron deficiency, since hemoglobin only falls after
      substantial iron depletion; microcytosis is likewise not a sensitive marker
    - Soluble transferrin receptor rises in iron deficiency and can distinguish absolute from
      functional deficiency
    - Peripheral smear in thalassemia shows target cells, basophilic stippling, and uniformly small
      red cells
    - Reticulocyte hemoglobin content reflects iron available for red cell production over recent
      days and is useful for catching early deficiency and tracking response to IV iron
    - In beta-thalassemia trait, hemoglobin electrophoresis shows HbA2 above 3.5%, sometimes with
      raised HbF
    - In alpha-thalassemia, electrophoresis can look normal, so DNA testing for alpha-globin gene
      deletions is needed to confirm
    - Thalassemia often keeps red cell counts normal-to-high despite anemia, with MCV under 70 fL
      but a normal RDW - the reverse of iron deficiency's pattern
    - Basophilic stippling combined with lead-poisoning features or small pale red cells confirms
      lead toxicity outright
  IF NOT THIS - what else fits (6)
    - Fatigue-type conditions such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, other
      chronic disease, and hypothyroidism overlap with iron deficiency's nonspecific symptoms
    - Pica, eating disorders, psychiatric illness, malnutrition, neurological causes of restless
      legs, and pregnancy are also on the differential
    - Microcytosis without iron deficiency can come from thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, lead
      poisoning, copper deficiency, or drugs like isoniazid and chloramphenicol
    - Thalassemia is distinguished from iron deficiency because iron studies come back normal or
      increased, rather than low
    - Reticulocyte hemoglobin content or zinc protoporphyrin can help tell iron deficiency apart
      from thalassemia
    - If iron deficiency and thalassemia coexist, iron studies must be read together with hemoglobin
      electrophoresis
  Source  StatPearls "Iron Deficiency and Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia" - disease-level clinical
          article
  Status  traced to the source above

Rx: Main treatment  |  Intravenous iron - refer  |  Lactoferrin alternative

MAIN TREATMENT - choose one, plus any add-on marked below
1. FERROUS FUMARATE                                       [1st line]
   Adult    200 mg (65 mg elemental iron) 1-2 times daily on empty stomach x 3-6 months
   Peds     3-6 mg/kg/day  [child max 180 mg]
            (Doses are for elemental iron (not salt), divided BID-TID; give
            between meals with fruit juice. Ceiling of 180 mg is the formulary
            maximum for a child: 20 mL/day of the 140 mg/5 mL syrup, which is
            45 mg elemental iron per 5 mL. This is deliberately above the 130
            mg an adult gets here: a growing child needs more elemental iron
            per kilogram, and modern adult practice is lower and less frequent
            dosing than the formulary allows. It is not an inversion to
            correct.)
            3kg -> 9-18 mg/day                     4kg -> 12-24 mg/day
            5kg -> 15-30 mg/day                    6kg -> 18-36 mg/day
            7kg -> 21-42 mg/day                    8kg -> 24-48 mg/day
            9kg -> 27-54 mg/day                    10kg -> 30-60 mg/day
            11kg -> 33-66 mg/day                   12kg -> 36-72 mg/day
            13kg -> 39-78 mg/day                   14kg -> 42-84 mg/day
            15kg -> 45-90 mg/day                   16kg -> 48-96 mg/day
            17kg -> 51-102 mg/day                  18kg -> 54-108 mg/day
            19kg -> 57-114 mg/day                  20kg -> 60-120 mg/day
            21kg -> 63-126 mg/day                  22kg -> 66-132 mg/day
            23kg -> 69-138 mg/day                  24kg -> 72-144 mg/day
            25kg -> 75-150 mg/day                  26kg -> 78-156 mg/day
            27kg -> 81-162 mg/day                  28kg -> 84-168 mg/day
            29kg -> 87-174 mg/day                  30kg -> 90-180 mg/day
            31kg -> 93-180 mg/day (upper capped)   32kg -> 96-180 mg/day (upper capped)
            33kg -> 99-180 mg/day (upper capped)   34kg -> 102-180 mg/day (upper capped)
            35kg -> 105-180 mg/day (upper capped)  36kg -> 108-180 mg/day (upper capped)
            37kg -> 111-180 mg/day (upper capped)  38kg -> 114-180 mg/day (upper capped)
            39kg -> 117-180 mg/day (upper capped)  40kg -> 120-180 mg/day (upper capped)
            41kg -> 123-180 mg/day (upper capped)  42kg -> 126-180 mg/day (upper capped)
            43kg -> 129-180 mg/day (upper capped)  44kg -> 132-180 mg/day (upper capped)
            45kg -> 135-180 mg/day (upper capped)  46kg -> 138-180 mg/day (upper capped)
            47kg -> 141-180 mg/day (upper capped)  48kg -> 144-180 mg/day (upper capped)
            49kg -> 147-180 mg/day (upper capped)  50kg -> 150-180 mg/day (upper capped)
   Source   Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Blood Disorder Medications 2025
   Why      Ferrous fumarate is the Egyptian formulary's oral iron: a 200 mg tablet is 65.57 mg
            elemental, and there is a 140 mg/5 mL syrup for children. Dose by elemental iron, not
            tablet weight. No plain ferrous tablet is registered here - the packs below are
            combinations, mostly ferrous salt with folic acid and some carrying vitamin C or zinc
            instead, which is what an Egyptian pharmacy will hand over.
   Caution  Take 1 hour before meals; vitamin C aids absorption.
            Constipation, dark stools, and epigastric discomfort are common.
            Keep out of reach of children - overdose is fatal.
            Egyptian products are labelled inconsistently - most are registered as "iron" with no
            salt named. Check the elemental iron content on the pack rather than the salt weight;
            200 mg of ferrous sulphate or fumarate is about 65 mg elemental.
            Most iron tablets in Egypt come with folic acid in them, though not all - check the
            pack. Folate corrects the blood picture of B12 deficiency while the neurological damage
            carries on - check B12 before starting if the anaemia is macrocytic, mixed, or
            unexplained.
            The pack a pharmacy hands over is a combination rather than plain iron - besides folic
            acid, many Egyptian iron products add vitamin C, and some add zinc or B vitamins. A
            combination is an acceptable way to give oral iron: the formulary's ferrous fumarate
            monograph lists the dosage forms as a 200 mg tablet and a 140 mg/5 mL syrup, then adds
            combination products to that list, and states the adult dose in elemental iron (100 to
            200 mg elemental iron daily). The vitamin C is wanted rather than merely tolerated - 200
            to 500 mg alongside oral iron is recommended to enhance its absorption. Dose by the
            elemental iron the pack states, not by tablet weight and not by the other ingredients.
            The Egyptian register does not record elemental iron content for most of these products,
            so the carton has to be read.
   Egypt    FERROL 10 F.C. TABLET            AMOUN                2.00 EGP (0.20/unit)
                -> ! also contains folic acid
            FOLIFER 30 TAB.                  MISR                 7.20 EGP (0.24/unit)
                -> ! also contains folic acid
            FERROZINC-C 24 CAPS.             SAFE PHARMA >...     7.50 EGP (0.31/unit)
                -> ! also contains vitamin c, zinc
            IROFOL 30 CAPS.                  MULTICARE           40.50 EGP (1.35/unit)
                -> ! also contains copper, folic acid, pyridoxine, vitamin b12, zinc
            HAEMACTIN 30 CAPS.               DELTA GRAND P...   150.00 EGP (5.00/unit)
                -> ! also contains folic acid, vitamin b12
            TESLAGLOBIN 20 CAP               DAWA EGYPT IN...   140.00 EGP (7.00/unit)
                -> ! also contains b12, b6, copper, folic acid, zinc
            CHEMARED CAPSULE                 PHARMA ZAD > ...   195.00 EGP
                -> ! also contains calcium, methyl cobolamine, pyridoxine
            FERRONIL 125MG/5ML SYRUP 120 ML  EL NILE.             4.00 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid

2. REFERRAL & SAFETY-NETTING (NO DRUG THERAPY)            [1st line]
   Adult    
   Source   Iron Deficiency and Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia - disease-level clinical article
            (iron-deficiency-anemia-clinical.txt)
   Why      Carries the referral criteria and warning signs for this condition, which apply
            whichever treatment is chosen.
   Caution  RED FLAG - iron deficiency requires investigation for an underlying cause (eg GI,
            uterine, or urinary bleeding); delayed diagnosis of an underlying malignancy causing the
            bleeding worsens outcomes.

3. FERRIC HYDROXIDE POLYMALTOSE                           [2nd line]
   Adult    100 mg elemental iron 1-2 times daily with or after meals x 3-6 months
   Peds     3-5 mg/kg/day  [child max 200 mg]
            (Doses are for elemental iron (not salt), divided BID; give with
            or immediately after meals)
            3kg -> 9-15 mg/day                     4kg -> 12-20 mg/day
            5kg -> 15-25 mg/day                    6kg -> 18-30 mg/day
            7kg -> 21-35 mg/day                    8kg -> 24-40 mg/day
            9kg -> 27-45 mg/day                    10kg -> 30-50 mg/day
            11kg -> 33-55 mg/day                   12kg -> 36-60 mg/day
            13kg -> 39-65 mg/day                   14kg -> 42-70 mg/day
            15kg -> 45-75 mg/day                   16kg -> 48-80 mg/day
            17kg -> 51-85 mg/day                   18kg -> 54-90 mg/day
            19kg -> 57-95 mg/day                   20kg -> 60-100 mg/day
            21kg -> 63-105 mg/day                  22kg -> 66-110 mg/day
            23kg -> 69-115 mg/day                  24kg -> 72-120 mg/day
            25kg -> 75-125 mg/day                  26kg -> 78-130 mg/day
            27kg -> 81-135 mg/day                  28kg -> 84-140 mg/day
            29kg -> 87-145 mg/day                  30kg -> 90-150 mg/day
            31kg -> 93-155 mg/day                  32kg -> 96-160 mg/day
            33kg -> 99-165 mg/day                  34kg -> 102-170 mg/day
            35kg -> 105-175 mg/day                 36kg -> 108-180 mg/day
            37kg -> 111-185 mg/day                 38kg -> 114-190 mg/day
            39kg -> 117-195 mg/day                 40kg -> 120-200 mg/day
            41kg -> 123-200 mg/day (upper capped)  42kg -> 126-200 mg/day (upper capped)
            43kg -> 129-200 mg/day (upper capped)  44kg -> 132-200 mg/day (upper capped)
            45kg -> 135-200 mg/day (upper capped)  46kg -> 138-200 mg/day (upper capped)
            47kg -> 141-200 mg/day (upper capped)  48kg -> 144-200 mg/day (upper capped)
            49kg -> 147-200 mg/day (upper capped)  50kg -> 150-200 mg/day (upper capped)
   Source   Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Blood Disorder Medications 2025
   Why      Second line, and the reason is tolerance rather than strength. A ferrous salt is
            absorbed better and costs a tenth as much, but the constipation, black stools and
            epigastric pain are why patients stop taking it. Polymaltose is plain iron with no folic
            acid attached, is taken with food rather than on an empty stomach, and is what to move
            to when the ferrous salt has already been tried and abandoned - not before.
   Caution  Must be taken WITH meals (unlike a ferrous salt, which needs an empty stomach).
            Does not stain teeth in liquid form.
            Absorption is lower than a ferrous salt's. Expect the haemoglobin to rise more slowly
            and recheck at 4 weeks rather than assuming failure.
            There is a lower incidence of GI irritation than with ferrous salts.
   Egypt    HAEMOPOWER 100MG 30 CHEW. TABS.  AMRIYA              25.20 EGP
            HEMALTOSE 100 MG 30 CHEW. TABS.  GLOBAL ADVANC...    40.50 EGP
            HAEMOJET 100 MG  36 S.G.CAPS.    EUROPEAN EGYP...    58.50 EGP
            GOLDEN FER 100 MG 30 CHEW. TABS. MEDIZEN PHARM...    60.00 EGP
            FERRITOP 15MG/5ML SYRUP 100 ML   HIKMA PHARMA        10.00 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid
            ANSCHLARIN SYRUP 120 ML          AVERROES PHAR...    10.50 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid

4. ASCORBIC ACID                                          [add-on - not a substitute]
   Adult    200-500 mg orally in combination with oral iron
   Peds     No paediatric dose is stated in the sources held for this drug.
   Source   Iron deficiency anemia - disease-level clinical article (iron-deficiency-anemia-
            clinical.txt)
   Why      Given concurrently with oral iron therapy to reduce ferric iron to ferrous iron and
            enhance gastrointestinal absorption.
   Caution  May cause gastrointestinal disturbances and nephrolithiasis at doses >1 g daily, and may
            interfere with blood and urine glucose measurements at doses ≥2 g daily.
            Do not exceed 1 g daily during pregnancy.
            Using vitamin C in large quantities without concomitant deferoxamine use carries a
            higher risk for fatal arrhythmias.
   Egypt    C-VITON 500 MG 20 TABS           KAHIRA               8.00 EGP (0.40/unit)
            CEVAROL 500MG 20 TAB.            MEMPHIS             12.00 EGP (0.60/unit)
            C-SAFE 500 MG 36 CAPS.           SAFE PHARMA         35.00 EGP (0.97/unit)
            MUNITO C 1000 MG 60 F.C. TABS.   MULTICARE          156.50 EGP (2.61/unit)
            VITAMIN C 500 MG 30 TABS. (NEW BOSTON) COPAD > NEW BOSTON PH...   120.00 EGP (4.00/unit)
            VITACID C 1 GM 12 EFF. TAB.      CID                 54.00 EGP
            ADVANCED VITAMIN C 30 GUMMIES    VITACARE > VI...   599.00 EGP
            VITAMIN C 1000 MG 100 CAPLETS (PURITANS PRIDE) PURITANS PRIDE > ARAB IMP...   850.00 EGP
            CEBION 100MG/ML ORAL DROPS 30 ML AMOUN > MERCK...     5.50 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid
            UR-C ORAL DROPS 15 ML            HI-PHARM             6.00 EGP
                -> ? strength differs, ? different route - not oral solid


INTRAVENOUS IRON - REFER
5. IRON                                                   [3rd line]
   Adult    Iron sucrose 100-200 mg elemental iron by slow intravenous injection or infusion, one to
            three times a week depending on the haemoglobin. Total dose = body weight (kg) x (target
            Hb - actual Hb in g/L) x 0.24, plus 500 mg storage iron at 35 kg and above - until the
            calculated total dose is given
   Peds     The formulary states use has not been studied in children. A child who needs intravenous
            iron is a paediatric referral, not a primary-care prescription.
   Source   Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Blood Disorder Medications 2025 (iron sucrose
            monograph)
   Why      Third line, and not something to start in the clinic - it is what to refer for. The
            three reasons to reach it are malabsorption that oral iron cannot overcome (coeliac
            disease, gastric surgery, inflammatory bowel disease), intolerance of both oral options
            above, and a haemoglobin that has to come up faster than oral iron can manage. The packs
            are listed so the cost of that referral is known before it is made - 9 EGP to 1,600 EGP
            is the spread.
   Caution  The register does not name the salt on most of these vials. Iron dextran carries a
            materially higher anaphylaxis risk than iron sucrose or ferric carboxymaltose - read the
            vial, do not go by the trade name.
            Never give intravenous iron where the anaemia is not iron deficiency. Confirm with
            ferritin and transferrin saturation first.
            Contraindicated in iron overload, haemochromatosis, and in known serious
            hypersensitivity to any parenteral iron product.
            Resuscitation facilities must be available for the first dose.
   Egypt    FERROJECT 12.5MG/ML AMP. FOR I.V. INF. OR SLOW I.V. INJ. ADWIA                  9.00 EGP
            HYDROFERRIN 100MG/2ML 3 AMP.     BORG                33.00 EGP
            EMIFERRON-S 100MG/5ML 1 AMP. I.V INJ./INF. HIKMA SPECIALIZED PHARMACEUTI...    38.50 EGP
            HAEMOPOWER 100MG/2ML 5 AMP. FOR I.M INJ. AMRIYA                                75.00 EGP
            AMPOFER 20MG/ML 5 AMPS. I.V. INJ./INF. DELTA GRAND PHARMA > EGYPHARMA-EGYPT   275.00 EGP
            INTEROFER 100MG/5ML 5 AMP FOR I.V. INJ. SUNNY MEDICAL > MULTIPHARMA           275.00 EGP
            COSMOFER 50MG/ML FOR INF. 5 AMPS. PHARMACOSMOS A/S > PHAROPHARMA              470.00 EGP
            INJECTAFER 500MG/10ML 1 VIAL FOR I.V. INJ./INFUSION IDT BIOLOGICA GMBH >...  1600.00 EGP


LACTOFERRIN ALTERNATIVE
6. LACTOFERRIN                                            [3rd line]
   Adult    200 mg once daily. 400 mg once daily was also tested in the trial below and was no more
            effective x 12 weeks in the trial, with haemoglobin and ferritin rechecked monthly
   Peds     No paediatric dose could be sourced from a regulatory document. Childhood iron
            deficiency anaemia should be treated with an iron salt at a properly calculated mg/kg
            dose, not with lactoferrin.
   Source   Huda T, Dibley M, El Arifeen S, et al. Assessing the Efficacy of Bovine Lactoferrin to
            Correct Iron Deficiency Anemia in Non-pregnant Non-lactating Women: A Randomized
            Controlled Trial. Current Developments in Nutrition 2019;3(Suppl 1):nzz044.FS08-02-19
            (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6574033/): "Arm A, B and C received daily oral
            200 mg bLf, 400 mg bLf and 60 mg ferrous sulfate. ... Treatment was for 12 weeks." The
            trial's own result was that neither lactoferrin arm raised haemoglobin - "Women on 200
            mg bLf had a decrease in Hb of 0.3 g/dl" and "women on 400 mg bLf arm had no change in
            Hb: 0.0 g/dl" - while "women on ferrous sulfate arm had an increase in Hb: 1.1 g/dl".
   Why      38 live Egyptian products and one of the most-prescribed anaemia preparations in Cairo,
            so a search must not come back empty. It is placed at line 3 with the negative trial
            evidence stated first in the cautions, not hidden.
   Caution  THE EVIDENCE DOES NOT SUPPORT IT AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR AN IRON SALT. In a 555-woman
            randomised trial, haemoglobin fell 0.3 g/dL on 200 mg lactoferrin and did not change on
            400 mg, while it rose 1.1 g/dL on 60 mg ferrous sulfate. Ferritin rose 2.8-3.5
            micrograms/L versus 41.1 micrograms/L.
            The one consistent advantage is tolerability: abdominal pain, indigestion, diarrhoea and
            black stool were all significantly commoner with ferrous sulfate.
            Trials in pregnancy have been more favourable but are smaller and mostly single-centre -
            the evidence is not equivalent.
            Use it only where an iron salt genuinely cannot be tolerated and parenteral iron is not
            available. Recheck haemoglobin at 4 weeks and switch if it has not risen.
            It is sold as a food supplement in Egypt, so the actual lactoferrin content is not
            regulated to medicine standards and varies between brands.
            Never let a lactoferrin prescription substitute for finding the cause of the iron
            deficiency - the investigation matters more than the tablet.
   Egypt    DEVAFERRIN 200 MG 20 CAPS.       DEVARTLAB > B...   325.00 EGP (16.25/unit)
            CORETIDE 200 MG 7 SACHETS        > CORE PHARM       109.00 EGP

Prices are indicative (dataset snapshot 2026-06); verify with the pharmacy.
```

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Dawaa Reference is a reference for prescribers, not a medical device, and does not replace clinical judgement.

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