{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "kind": "condition",
  "id": "port-wine-stain",
  "name": "Port-wine stain",
  "category": "chronic",
  "sources": "ICPC-3 (WONCA International Classification of Primary Care, 3rd edition) class SD55.00 - condition scope only, no dose · No dose - referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care · Sturge-Weber Syndrome - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459163/ · Nevus Flammeus - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - disease-level clinical article (port-wine-stain-full.txt)",
  "review_status": "reviewed",
  "verified_against": "No dose - referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care · Nevus Flammeus - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - disease-level clinical article (port-wine-stain-full.txt)",
  "verified_date": "2026-08",
  "treatments": [
    {
      "id": 1442,
      "generic": "No drug therapy in primary care (Referral & Advice)",
      "line": 1,
      "is_adjunct": false,
      "form": null,
      "strength_mg": null,
      "adult_dose": "A congenital vascular birthmark; primary care's role is recognition, reassurance, and referral to dermatology/laser clinic for cosmetic treatment, plus screening for associated syndromes if periorbital.",
      "adult_duration": "Refer, with advice",
      "dose_source": "No dose - referral pathway, no medicine given in primary care",
      "rationale": "A congenital vascular birthmark; primary care's role is recognition, reassurance, and referral to dermatology/laser clinic for cosmetic treatment, plus screening for associated syndromes if periorbital.",
      "cautions": [
        "A port-wine stain in the trigeminal (upper facial) distribution raises concern for Sturge-Weber syndrome - refer for neurological and ophthalmological assessment.",
        "Rare in Egyptian primary care.",
        "No medicine is prescribed for this in primary care - this entry is for recognition and referral. Anything given is decided by the service it is referred to.",
        "RED FLAG - Glaucoma risk specifically named for periocular/eyelid PWS (app says only 'screening for associated syndromes if periorbital', without naming glaucoma)",
        "RED FLAG - Regular follow-up is required for high-risk cases (eyelid involvement, combined vascular malformations, syndromic PWS).",
        "A port-wine stain involving any part of the forehead, the upper eyelid, or the midline frontonasal area is the strongest indicator of Sturge-Weber syndrome - refer on forehead involvement even when the stain does not follow a classic trigeminal pattern.",
        "Children with Sturge-Weber syndrome often develop seizures by the age of 2 years, which may be accompanied by contralateral neurological deficits and learning difficulties - warn parents what to watch for.",
        "A port-wine stain over the midline lumbosacral area can be a cutaneous marker of occult spinal dysraphism.",
        "Imaging is indicated when a port-wine stain is accompanied by another cutaneous marker such as a tuft of hair, a haemangioma, a lipoma, a dermoid cyst, or a true or pseudo tail.",
        "A solitary nodule arising on a port-wine stain in adulthood may be a pyogenic granuloma, which is often ulcerated and bleeds after trivial trauma.",
        "Refer for laser treatment early: starting in infancy gives more consistent improvement, better outcomes, and a lower risk of later skin thickening and disfigurement.",
        "Where the stain involves mucosa, gingival hyperplasia can develop and predispose to periodontal disease and poor dental hygiene - arrange dental review."
      ],
      "peds_mgkg_low": null,
      "peds_mgkg_high": null,
      "peds_max_mg": null,
      "peds_basis": null,
      "peds_unit": null,
      "peds_note": "Children follow the same pathway: recognise and refer. No primary-care medicine is implied.",
      "peds_min_weight_kg": null,
      "peds_max_weight_kg": null,
      "peds_age_min_months": null,
      "peds_age_max_months": null,
      "peds_age_bands": null,
      "peds_doses": null,
      "brands": [],
      "condition_id": "port-wine-stain"
    }
  ]
}