{ "schema_version": 1, "kind": "condition", "id": "typhoid-fever", "name": "Typhoid fever", "category": "infectious", "sources": "Egyptian MOH Typhoid Protocol 2020 · WHO Typhoid Fever 2018 · Typhoid Fever - disease-level clinical article (typhoid-fever-clinical.txt) · Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Endocrine · Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Antimicrobial 2023 (cefixime monograph)", "review_status": "reviewed", "verified_against": "Egyptian MOH Typhoid Protocol 2020 · Typhoid Fever - disease-level clinical article (typhoid-fever-clinical.txt) · Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Endocrine · Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Antimicrobial 2023 (cefixime monograph)", "verified_date": "2026-08", "treatments": [ { "id": 1781, "generic": "Azithromycin", "line": 1, "is_adjunct": false, "form": "oral.solid", "strength_mg": 500.0, "adult_dose": "500 mg once daily", "adult_duration": "7 days", "dose_source": "Egyptian MOH Typhoid Protocol 2020", "rationale": "Macrolide antibiotic with good oral bioavailability against Salmonella typhi; an oral option for uncomplicated typhoid fever caused by resistant strains, avoiding the need for injectable therapy.", "cautions": [ "Azithromycin is an oral option for uncomplicated resistant Salmonella typhi.", "There is a QT prolongation risk.", "GI intolerance can occur at higher doses." ], "peds_mgkg_low": 10.0, "peds_mgkg_high": 20.0, "peds_max_mg": 500.0, "peds_basis": "day", "peds_unit": "mg", "peds_note": "Once daily for 7 days", "peds_min_weight_kg": null, "peds_max_weight_kg": null, "peds_age_min_months": null, "peds_age_max_months": null, "peds_age_bands": null, "peds_doses": [ { "weight_kg": 10, "low_mg": 100, "high_mg": 200, "capped": false }, { "weight_kg": 20, "low_mg": 200, "high_mg": 400, "capped": false }, { "weight_kg": 30, "low_mg": 300, "high_mg": 500, "capped": true }, { "weight_kg": 40, "low_mg": 400, "high_mg": 500, "capped": true } ], "brands": [ { "trade_name": "AZATRIBACT 500MG 3 CAPS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "RIVA PHARMA S.A.E.", "price_egp": 13.5, "pack_count": 3, "unit_price": 4.5, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "GIGAZOCIN 500MG 5 CAPS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "EGPI > PIONEER", "price_egp": 27.5, "pack_count": 5, "unit_price": 5.5, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "SYSTYMYCIN 500MG 3 CAPS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "EGPI > NOVELL PHARMA", "price_egp": 21.5, "pack_count": 3, "unit_price": 7.17, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "AZITHROMASH 500 MG 3 F.C. TABS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "MASH PREMIERE", "price_egp": 48.0, "pack_count": 3, "unit_price": 16.0, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "AZALIDE 500MG 3 CAPS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "UP PHARMA", "price_egp": 52.0, "pack_count": 3, "unit_price": 17.33, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "AZROLID 500 MG 6 F.C.TABS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "AMRIYA", "price_egp": 126.0, "pack_count": 6, "unit_price": 21.0, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "ZERAMERATE 500 MG", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "EGPI > GAMMA PHARMA", "price_egp": 28.5, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "DISTABCIN 500 MG 3 DISPERSIBLE TABS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "EGPI", "price_egp": 43.5, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "ZITHRODOSE 100MG/5ML SUSP. 15ML", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "EL-OBOUR > AVERROES PHARMA-EGYPT", "price_egp": 12.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 100.0, "exact_strength": false, "exact_form": false, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "ZITHROPHATE 200MG/5ML SUSP. 15ML", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "ORGANO PHARMA > NOVELL PHARMA", "price_egp": 12.75, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 200.0, "exact_strength": false, "exact_form": false, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null } ], "condition_id": "typhoid-fever" }, { "id": 1782, "generic": "Ceftriaxone", "line": 1, "is_adjunct": false, "form": "injection", "strength_mg": 1000.0, "adult_dose": "1-2 g IV once daily", "adult_duration": "7-14 days", "dose_source": "Egyptian MOH Typhoid Protocol 2020", "rationale": "Third-generation cephalosporin with broad activity against Salmonella typhi; preferred empirical therapy for typhoid fever in Egypt because of high resistance to older first-line agents.", "cautions": [ "Ceftriaxone is the preferred empirical first-line therapy in Egypt due to resistance.", "Avoid in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia or IV calcium.", "Monitor renal and hepatic function during extended therapy." ], "peds_mgkg_low": 50.0, "peds_mgkg_high": 80.0, "peds_max_mg": 2000.0, "peds_basis": "day", "peds_unit": "mg", "peds_note": "IV once daily for 7-14 days", "peds_min_weight_kg": null, "peds_max_weight_kg": null, "peds_age_min_months": null, "peds_age_max_months": null, "peds_age_bands": null, "peds_doses": [ { "weight_kg": 10, "low_mg": 500, "high_mg": 800, "capped": false }, { "weight_kg": 20, "low_mg": 1000, "high_mg": 1600, "capped": false }, { "weight_kg": 30, "low_mg": 1500, "high_mg": 2000, "capped": true }, { "weight_kg": 40, "low_mg": 2000, "high_mg": 2000, "capped": true } ], "brands": [ { "trade_name": "ZOXIDEL 1 GM PD. FOR I.M. INJ.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "RAMEDA > DELTA PHARMA", "price_egp": 22.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 1000.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "CEFTRIAXONE SODIUM 1 GM I.M.VIAL (KAHIRA)", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "KAHIRA", "price_egp": 29.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 1000.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "ZOXIDEL 1 GM PD. FOR I.V. INJ.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "RAMEDA > DELTA PHARMA", "price_egp": 29.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 1000.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "WINTRIAXONE 1 GM PD. FOR I.V INJ.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "SANOFI", "price_egp": 48.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 1000.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "VOTRIAXONE 1 GM I.M VIAL", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "CHEMIPHARM", "price_egp": 56.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 1000.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "OFRAMAX 1 GM I.M. VIAL", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "RAMEDA > SUN PHARMA EGYPT LIMITED", "price_egp": 71.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 1000.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "TRIAXONE 1 GM I.M. VIAL", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "TABUK PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY > TABUK PHARMA", "price_egp": 106.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 1000.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "TRIAXONE 1 GM I.V VIAL", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "TABUK PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY > TABUK PHARMA", "price_egp": 106.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 1000.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null } ], "condition_id": "typhoid-fever" }, { "id": 1784, "generic": "Referral & safety-netting (no drug therapy)", "line": 1, "is_adjunct": false, "form": null, "strength_mg": null, "adult_dose": null, "adult_duration": null, "dose_source": "Typhoid Fever - disease-level clinical article (typhoid-fever-clinical.txt)", "rationale": "Carries the referral criteria and warning signs for this condition, which apply whichever treatment is chosen.", "cautions": [ "RED FLAG - The WHO definition of severe illness that determines the inpatient/IV treatment pathway is confirmed or suspected intestinal perforation, peritonitis, sepsis, or septic shock.", "RED FLAG - Surgical referral is required for intestinal perforation." ], "peds_mgkg_low": null, "peds_mgkg_high": null, "peds_max_mg": null, "peds_basis": null, "peds_unit": null, "peds_note": null, "peds_min_weight_kg": null, "peds_max_weight_kg": null, "peds_age_min_months": null, "peds_age_max_months": null, "peds_age_bands": null, "peds_doses": null, "brands": [], "condition_id": "typhoid-fever" }, { "id": 1783, "generic": "Ciprofloxacin", "line": 2, "is_adjunct": false, "form": "oral.solid", "strength_mg": 500.0, "adult_dose": "500 mg BID", "adult_duration": "7-14 days", "dose_source": "Egyptian MOH Typhoid Protocol 2020", "rationale": "Ciprofloxacin is held at second line here. StatPearls ties the choice to local resistance: where ciprofloxacin resistance runs high - as it is across much of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa - azithromycin becomes the preferred agent for adults with mild enteric fever, while in areas of low fluoroquinolone resistance, ciprofloxacin is preferred instead. Egypt fits neither region the article names, and its S. typhi fluoroquinolone resistance rate is not documented in the cited sources, so ciprofloxacin stays second line, reserved for isolates confirmed susceptible.", "cautions": [ "Switch to ceftriaxone if the response is delayed. The local S. typhi fluoroquinolone resistance rate is not documented in the cited sources, so treat a slow response as possible resistance rather than waiting it out.", "Reserved for isolates confirmed susceptible. The disease article gives azithromycin as the drug of choice where ciprofloxacin resistance is prevalent, and ciprofloxacin only where fluoroquinolone resistance is low; which of the two describes Egypt is not established in the cited sources.", "QT prolongation and CNS toxicity can occur.", "There is a risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture." ], "peds_mgkg_low": null, "peds_mgkg_high": null, "peds_max_mg": null, "peds_basis": null, "peds_unit": null, "peds_note": "Reserve for pediatric cases where benefits outweigh joint risks", "peds_min_weight_kg": null, "peds_max_weight_kg": null, "peds_age_min_months": null, "peds_age_max_months": null, "peds_age_bands": null, "peds_doses": null, "brands": [ { "trade_name": "QUINOLOROX 500MG 10 F.C. TAB.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "EPCI > ROXXEN", "price_egp": 10.0, "pack_count": 10, "unit_price": 1.0, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "ECACIPROFLOX 500 MG 20 F.C. TABS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "FUTURE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES (FPI) > EGYPTIAN CANADIAN PHARMACEUTICAL", "price_egp": 27.0, "pack_count": 20, "unit_price": 1.35, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "ELMODOXACIN 500MG 10 F.C.TAB.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "EGPI > SEA PHARM", "price_egp": 20.0, "pack_count": 10, "unit_price": 2.0, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "CIPROQUIN 500MG 10 F.C. TAB.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "UNIPHARMA", "price_egp": 50.0, "pack_count": 10, "unit_price": 5.0, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "CIPROFLOXACIN-ORGANO 500 MG 10 F.C.TABS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "ORGANOPHARMA > ORGANO", "price_egp": 63.0, "pack_count": 10, "unit_price": 6.3, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "CIPROFAR 500MG 10 F.C.TAB.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "PHARCO", "price_egp": 69.0, "pack_count": 10, "unit_price": 6.9, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "CIPROMEGA XL 500MG 10 EXT. REL. F.C.TABS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "MASH PREMIERE", "price_egp": 48.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "HEROXACIN 500MG 10 SCORED F.C. TAB.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "EGPI > HERO PHARM", "price_egp": 69.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 500.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null } ], "condition_id": "typhoid-fever" }, { "id": 1786, "generic": "Cefixime", "line": 2, "is_adjunct": false, "form": "oral.solid", "strength_mg": 200.0, "adult_dose": "400 mg daily, divided every 12 to 24 hours", "adult_duration": null, "dose_source": "Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Antimicrobial 2023 (cefixime monograph)", "rationale": "The disease article gives cefixime as the oral alternative when ceftriaxone - an injection - is not practical; the card's only oral third-generation option was none.", "cautions": [ "Hypersensitivity to cefixime, any component of the formulation, or other cephalosporins or penicillins", "The ENDF gives a general dosage range and does not state a typhoid-specific course length - the indication and the duration come from the disease article." ], "peds_mgkg_low": 8.0, "peds_mgkg_high": 8.0, "peds_max_mg": 400.0, "peds_basis": "day", "peds_unit": "mg", "peds_note": "ENDF: infants, children and adolescents, 8 mg/kg/day divided every 12 to 24 hours; maximum daily dose 400 mg/day.", "peds_min_weight_kg": null, "peds_max_weight_kg": null, "peds_age_min_months": null, "peds_age_max_months": null, "peds_age_bands": null, "peds_doses": [ { "weight_kg": 10, "low_mg": 80, "high_mg": 80, "capped": false }, { "weight_kg": 20, "low_mg": 160, "high_mg": 160, "capped": false }, { "weight_kg": 30, "low_mg": 240, "high_mg": 240, "capped": false }, { "weight_kg": 40, "low_mg": 320, "high_mg": 320, "capped": false } ], "brands": [ { "trade_name": "VIODRILNEX 200 MG 21 CAPS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "SIGMA TEC > HOCHSTER PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES", "price_egp": 69.0, "pack_count": 21, "unit_price": 3.29, "strength_mg": 200.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "CEFABRUM 200MG 8 TAB.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "ALFACURE PHARMACEUTICALS", "price_egp": 38.0, "pack_count": 8, "unit_price": 4.75, "strength_mg": 200.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "XIMACEF 200 MG 8 CAPSULE", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "SIGMA", "price_egp": 42.0, "pack_count": 8, "unit_price": 5.25, "strength_mg": 200.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "HEBIXIME 200MG 8 CAPS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "SHIFA MEDICAL PRODUCTS > GLORY MEDICAL", "price_egp": 48.0, "pack_count": 8, "unit_price": 6.0, "strength_mg": 200.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "CEFALOTRIGENEX 200MG 8 F.C. TABS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "SHIFA MEDICAL PRODUCTS > NALI PHARMA INTERNATIONAL", "price_egp": 66.5, "pack_count": 8, "unit_price": 8.31, "strength_mg": 200.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "SUPRAX 200 MG 8 CAPS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "KAHIRA > HIKMA PHARMA", "price_egp": 138.0, "pack_count": 8, "unit_price": 17.25, "strength_mg": 200.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "VIODRILNEX 100MG/5ML SUSP. 30ML", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "BADR PHARMA > HOCHSTER PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES", "price_egp": 21.5, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 100.0, "exact_strength": false, "exact_form": false, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "CEFABRUM 100MG/5ML SUSP. 60ML", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "ALFACURE PHARMACEUTICALS", "price_egp": 27.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 100.0, "exact_strength": false, "exact_form": false, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null } ], "condition_id": "typhoid-fever" }, { "id": 1785, "generic": "Dexamethasone", "line": 1, "is_adjunct": true, "form": "injection", "strength_mg": 4.0, "adult_dose": "Oral, IV, IM: 4 to 20 mg/day given in a single daily dose or 2 to 4 divided doses", "adult_duration": null, "dose_source": "Egyptian National Drug Formulary - Endocrine", "rationale": "Corticosteroid adjunct for severe typhoid with CNS involvement or shock; given only with concomitant anti-infective therapy. The source for this condition specifies a weight-based regimen (3 mg/kg IV then 1 mg/kg q6h x 8 doses) that exceeds the formulary's general range.", "cautions": [ "Adrenal suppression may persist for 6 to 12 months after discontinuation.", "May provoke new-onset hyperglycemia or exacerbation of diabetes mellitus.", "Dexamethasone has immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects that are reversible with discontinuation.", "Use only with concomitant anti-infective therapy." ], "peds_mgkg_low": null, "peds_mgkg_high": null, "peds_max_mg": null, "peds_basis": null, "peds_unit": null, "peds_note": "Child: 0.15 to 0.6 mg/kg (max 16 mg) once daily.", "peds_min_weight_kg": null, "peds_max_weight_kg": null, "peds_age_min_months": null, "peds_age_max_months": null, "peds_age_bands": null, "peds_doses": null, "brands": [ { "trade_name": "F-CORTEN 4MG/ML 3 AMPS.", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "MEMPHIS", "price_egp": 12.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 4.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null }, { "trade_name": "EPIDRON 4MG/ML VIAL 2 ML", "scientific_name": null, "normalized_ingredient": null, "manufacturer": "EIPICO", "price_egp": 13.0, "pack_count": null, "unit_price": null, "strength_mg": 4.0, "exact_strength": true, "exact_form": true, "discontinued": false, "also_contains": null } ], "condition_id": "typhoid-fever" } ] }